Effects Of Medicines On The Pharmaceutical Industry

Despite lower pricing by reducing margins in the pharmaceutical industry and the demonstration that medicines can be produced locally in a number of countries, the population has massively turned to the illicit market, due to the absence of a pharmaceutical monopoly. In Burkina Faso, the illicit market accounted for 20-25% of the country s peripheral drug sales. In Benin, where the illicit market accounted for 40% of sales, 60 to 80% of the drugs were counterfeit, defects, under and overdosed products. In Guinea too, the illicit market accounted for 40% of sales. [6 Cf. ReMeD Journal, No. 22, Novembre 1999: â€Å"Marchà © pharmaceutique parallà ¨le, ventes illicites et santà © publique† : www.remed.org/Revue_ReMeD_no22_P.pdf ; Table Ronde du ReMeD†¦show more content†¦In addition, SFDA issued and executed other rules and regulations, including â€Å"Drug Supervision Administrative Penalty Procedure†, â€Å"Drug Import Export Administration Measures†, â€Å"Drug Registration Measures†, â€Å"Chinese Medicines Production Administration Measures† and â€Å"Drug Distribution Supervision Measures†. The above regulations provided legal basis for comprehensive drug anti-counterfeiting activities. Some developing countries as well as African countries should continue to improve measures to fight against counterfeit medicines such as RFID or bar codes on the packaging. However these measures all have certain limitations in implementation due to infrastructure shortage. In fact, raised awareness of patients, lower price of drugs, policy support from drug regulatory units and using effective legal tools are all effective solutions for the rampant counterfeit drugs in the market. In high risk countries, seeking closer international cooperation is an additional way to combat the counterfeits. Following economic globalization and free trade, drug industry extended to all corners of the world, drug supervision and public healthcare business became transnational. For that reason, Chinese and African governments must adjust their traditional supervision model to face the challenge, and increase internationalShow MoreRelatedCase Study950 Words   |  4 PagesQ1: Drawing on the five forces model, explain why the pharmaceutical industry has historically been a very profitable industry. 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Many of themRead MoreEssay about The New Trade Theory1326 Words   |  6 PagesHill 2013 p90). â€Å"First-mover advantages are the economic and strategic advantages that accrue to early entra nts into an industry and the ability to capture scale economies ahead of later entrants† (Wickramasekera, Cronk Hill 2013 p91). The new trade theory however, is not free from criticism. Although the theory has achieved great success academically, there is little to no effect in altering the trade policies. Unlike theories like the ‘rational expectations’ in macroeconomics, who not only foundRead MoreThe Effects Of Counterfeited Drugs On Pharmaceutical Companies1643 Words   |  7 Pages The Effect of Counterfeited Drugs on Pharmaceutical Companies The market for counterfeit pharmaceuticals has grown exponentially in the last five years. 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A portfolios country exposure management Free Essays

The episode of modern-globalization is one characterized by new sources of global funds flow. Multinational enterprises from developing countries are now starting to make investments from other developing countries. This has produced positive effects both for the private sector and policy makers in a given developed together with developing countries. We will write a custom essay sample on A portfolios country exposure management or any similar topic only for you Order Now The theoretical framework adopted by these developing countries is that based on the ownership/location/internationalization (OLI) theory. This paper deals with the issues of export expansion and prolific capacity creation in developing countries. It tends to provide an analytical framework to help in understanding the internationalization process of enterprises in the developing countries. It further applies this framework to analyze the experiences of such enterprises. House-hold appliances producers are also moving towards rising economies either by use of the off-shore practices from OECD-based companies or by use of the coming out and fast internationalization of innovative brand producers in up coming countries themselves (Rodriguez, 2007). This paper helps us understand the diversities of corporate strategies and those at the back of the internationalization process. An astounding and typical feature of this new wave of internationalization process is its speed and the capacity of the latecomers companies to leverage on the prospect for learning presented by a more unified economy. These latecomer companies were able to leverage their strategic partnership with recognized MNEs to improve their operations and hence were able to move from production of simple goods into products lines made using their own design, branding and marketing. They always take global competition as an opening to build on their capacities and shift into further cost-effective industry fragments. The latecomer companies are mainly able to internationalize and to take hold of resources and have a competitive advantage over other firms. This is a producer-driven global value chain marked by advance technology and speedy delocalization to developing countries, where not only production costs are lower but demand growth rates are higher. It is expected that the established growth in developing countries tend to determinate and recompense for the slow demand in OECD countries, where market infiltration rate is higher and the market is driven strictly by demand for substitutes. Their experience has shown throughout that there are still many strategies and ways for going global. The good example of firms which were able to successfully improve their operations consists of the Mabe in Mexico, Arcelik in Turkey and Haier in China. The latecomer’s firms have found innovate new ways of harmonizing their strategies which involved providing contract services, licensing new technology and forming joint ventures and strategic alliances. Through implementation of these strategies, latecomers firms were able to secure a place which is developing in global economy as they were able to leverage resources from the strength of others (Rodriguez, 2007). These internationalization strategies formed a basis for exit from the traditional view on globalization as it was intended to enhance the firm’s resource base as opposed to exploitation of existing asset a view highly held by traditional firms. The sources of corporate strength have changed from the capacity to control cost for a given product to been able to learn how to mingle and remerge assets to create new business and concentrate on new markets. How to cite A portfolios country exposure management, Essays

Students Discipline Problem free essay sample

Whenever there is imbalance power or strength that is either real or perceived there is a potential for the greater power to intentionally threaten or harm the weaker one. This power struggles usually takes place over a sustained period of time has the potential to escalate into violence Oudy H. Wright, 2010). Bully among our youth is a significant problem and it is steadily increasing. Many experts fear bullying has become widespread and common; adults are blinded to its extensive harm (Michele Borba, 1999). Within the school environment, bully usually occur in areas with minimal or no adults, teacher supervision. It can occur in or around the schools building, though it more often occurs in outside classes like sports, at lunch break, in toilets, the playground, in and aiting for buses or during after-school activities (Elliott, 1999). P. Gunasegaram (2010) reports that a school student in Royal Military College was died because of being bullied by his schoolmates. We will write a custom essay sample on Students Discipline Problem or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This matter was one of the proves that we can relate to the bully cases nowadays. Vandalism (Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, 2010) state that vandalism is the crime of destroying or damaging, especially public property, deliberately and for no good reason (p. 1649). Vandals are the one who willfully or ignorantly destroys, damages, or defaces property belonging to another or to the public according to the Merriam- Webster. A case was reported that vandals at the Sri Bayu Apartments in Desa Sri Bayu are a bane to the residents there as they are believed to be stealing the aluminium window panels and even glass window panels at the apartments. Besides, vandalism, grafltti on the walls and rubbish thrown all over the area despite the rubbish bins placed there. (Apartment Vandalised and Units Used as Drug Dens, 2010). Dumping of baby According to (Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, 2010) dumping refers to the act or practice of dumping whereas baby is defined as a very young child. Therefore, we umping of baby happened more and more often and the innocent baby sometimes was found dead. How could their parents Just threw away them like that and did not care about the safety of the child? Why do they want to have uncontrolled sex since they do not want the baby? Dumping of baby is usually done by the young parents who cannot afford to have a baby after having uncontrol sex and accidentally pregnant. Nowadays, those who dump the babies are usually teenagers. A case was reported that a dead baby girl was found in a sewage tank behind a college dormitory in Bandar Bukit Bunga (Boy Finds Baby Dumped in Sewage Tank, 2010). Truancy California Department of Education, 2010) defined a truant in very precise language. In summary, it states that a student missing more than 30 minutes of instruction without an excuse three times during the school year must be classified as a truant and reported to the proper school authority. A case was reported that two 1 5-year- old schoolboys at Melacca are using the extra time they have from playing truant to steal motorcycles. They are part of a three-member motorcycle theft gang, led by a 16-year-old school dropout, caught red-handed at the Malacca Hospitals parking lot. (A Boy Finds Baby Dumped in Sewage Tank, 2010) words : 737